mgt 604 assignment solution

Noam Chomsky, examines through a range of detailed case studies, how news in mainstream US media system passes through several 'filters', including the size, concentrated ownership and profit orientation of media firms; their heavy reliance on advertising and dependence on business, governmental sources for information; and the overall dominant ideology within which they operate. Q: As media student, discuss the importance of the above mentioned 5 filters in the process of dissemination of news with reference to media in Pakistan. Support your answer with suitable and relevant examples. In 1988, Noam Chomsky and Edward Herman wrote in their book “Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media”. It was an institutional analysis of the American mainstream media, titled “Propaganda Model”. The explained that “The raw material of news” pass through five filters that shape the news which audience receive. These filters determine that what events are newsworthy and to be covered, what will be their position in the media and how much coverage to be given. The media operate through five filters, which are: 1. Size, Ownership, and Profit Orientation of the Mass Media ownership 2. Advertising 3. Sourcing Mass-Media News (the Media Elite) 4. Flak and the Enforcers 5. Ideology as a Control Mechanism Size, Ownership, and Profit Orientation of the Mass Media ownership In Pakistan most of the famous media houses owned by major groups and dictated by its ownership. Jang Group of Newspapers and GEO TV belongs to Independent Media Corporation owned by Mir Shakeel ur Rehman. Nawaiwaqt, The News owned by Majeed Nizami group. Dawn newspaper, Herald and Dawn News Channels are owned by Haroon Group. ARY News and ARY Digital Network is owned by The ARY Group and other groups. These groups are owned by wealthy people and they have common interest with other sectors of the economy. Everything that goes in or out of these media houses based on profit. To get maximum profit they promote consumer behavior and quality journalism is replaced by sensationalism. GEO has recently made patch-up with PTI because KPK government was not giving advertisements to GEO and they are unable to pay its employees salary. Advertising Advertisers are the real owner of the media contents. Media costs a lot more than consumers pay and to fill the gap advertisements are used. Media houses charge hefty amounts to play advertisements on channels and publish in newspapers and magazines. It means media houses are selling products on behalf of advertisers and charge them. Govt. also have indirect control over private media through sponsorship or advertisements. GEO was pro government before because it was getting lot of advertising from the government. ARY has business relations with Bahria Town that’s why you see lot of Bahria advertisements on ARY and other channels after Malik Riaz plotted interview leaked out. 100 people got injured when stage collapsed in Bahria Town event in Islamabad and none of the Media houses reported this incident. Bahria Town has increased their advertisements in different channels to keep them quiet. Join Fb Group https://www.facebook.com/groups/vuvicky/ Like My Page on Fb https://www.facebook.com/vuvickybhai/ Sourcing Mass-Media News (the Media Elite) All media houses get news from Politicians, government officials, business and religious leaders. Their news is considered credible and unbiased sources of information. Govt, big corporations and politicians know how to play with media. They provide photos, news conferences, interviews, press releases, thinktank reports. Lal Masjid event where establishment had control over news information. Amendment in Khatam-e-Nabuwat by government, and Dawn leaks are its examples. Flak and the Enforcers Flak means disciplining the media through lawsuits, petitions, complaints or government sanctions. Flaks and pressure groups are very strong in Pakistan and control the media. They are extremist groups, politicians, NGO’s influential elites and political and religious parties. 60 journalists are killed in Pakistan from 1992 - 2018 is one of the dangerous country for journalist. GEO was shut down by establishment in Hamid Mir assassination case. PEMRA is used by govt to issue show cause notices to other channels. Forcing cable operators to shut some channels or change their numbers are some of its tactics. MQM put pressure on Dawn News to be silence him. Frontier Post was closed down due to publishing a letter having blasphemy contents. Ideology as a Control Mechanism Recently Ideology is replaced by corporate interest. Nawaiwaqt still promotes the ideology of Pakistan and considered as pro radical and right wing. Geo is more liberal and often takes pro government stance. Dawn group is committed to serve elite and educated class only. That’s why PMLN choose Cyril Almeida for Dawn Leaks and Nawaz Sharif comments on Mumbai Attacks. It is used in the name of national interest, patriotism and to get census against common enemy like terrorism, energy, global warming etc.